Corporate Personhood is part of the common law

The common law is the law of all the States except Louisiana so any case involving such issue that came to the Court is based on the law of the State - that was part of the original Judiciary Act of 1789. It's a jurisdictional issue it merely allows the board of a corporation to sue or be sued, to own property &c. For example municipalities are corporations that are no longer cloaked with immunity from suite under 42 USC 1983 (Owens v Independence Missouri - US S Ct Brennan)