We need to stop buying these koch bros. products immediately:
Brawny paper towels, Angel Soft toilet paper, Mardi Gras napkins and towels and Quilted Northern toilet paper. Ironically, some of these are made in koch bros. non-union plant in Green Bay - Yes, this will hurt some of my dear friends in Green Bay, but I'd rather save the state from benito walker than get rid of 1,000 jobs in Green Bay.
Stainmaster carpet, and Lycra fiber - Koch produces Invista, which is used in those products. These will have a very small impact on their decisions. If anyone has any other list of products from any other of benito walker's "contributors", please share them. We need to start making it hurt.
My taxes have gone up too,just like the cost of everything else. And despite efforts for decades, including a Constitutional requirement for the state to shift school funding from property to income taxes. But he Republicans dont want to pay income taxes, dont want to pay their fair share. Dont want to lose a chance to give their kids "all the advantages" , meaning the only well funded schools.
Of course my schools are some of the best in the state anyway. People around here think teachers should be paid well, and deserve a lot more than most private employees. People actually are suing to get into our district, where they pay more taxes.
Of course, It wasn't the Teachers who convinced you to vote Republican so you could not join a union. It wasn't the firefighters who told you you would have more fun with a 401K played for Wall Street's pleasure. And it wasn't the snow plow drivers who said we should use taxes to subsidize shipping our jobs overseas. And it wasn't the teachers who said we should not charge tariffs on Chinese goods, even if they tax our goods so as to be uncompetitive over there.
That was pretty much Ronald Reagan and his successors. Certainly not the Unions.
How is this going to play out? It doesn't look good to me. Here's why:
1) Gov. Walker knows he has the Kochs (and every other rightwing billionaire) behind him. He knows that he will get as much money as he needs to prevail for re-election, if he chooses to run and he may be planning on pulling a Palin and moving up to higher office rather than run again anyway. For the moment he certainly is front-runner for Republican VP. And his own show on Fox News.
2) Walker doesn't care if he has to carry out his promise to cut state employees if the Democrats don't come back. In fact he would probably like to do it, and might do it anyway, just with a different pretext. (Which makes the Democrats position even more of a dilemma, since they cannot trust him to not push for additional cuts and firings. Only now without collective bargaining. Does that mean everyone becomes an at will employee?)
3) Walker knows that there are plenty of Teaguys who would replace him if he backs down, and he knows that from coast to coast there are Conservative checkbooks at the ready to fund a Tea challenge to him if he backs down.
So I don't think Walker will be the way out.
4)The Republican Senators are sticking by him. They also know that if they do not, they will face a Tea challenger next election with ten times their campaign budget. And presumably death threats towards their family. (al a Joe Sestak) It might take a Lee Atwater/brain tumor /crisis of conscience to move any of these Republicans.
THe one possible way out is if the public in Wisconsin becomes so undeniably and overwealmingly outraged, in the Senator's home districts, that they all come to feel that sticking with Walker has become a liability, and that they need to establish their independence from him. Even then they might have just enough Republican Senators back off to block the bill without them all becoming the Teaguys targets. Because each needs the support of the group to insure his district gets a fair share of the state's money, each has an additional incentive to demand at least a secret concensus in their caucus before he stands up to Walker/Koch. Which just makes it harder to count on the Republican Senators acting like statesmen rather than a rubber stamp.
On the bright side, the Catholic Bishops of Wisconsin have come out in support of the right to collective bargaining. Wisconsin has a lot of Catholics. That may give the Senators a bit more cover, and even support for a change of course. Also, the Gallup poll on the subject puts national support on the side of the workers. Only 54% of self identified Republicans supported Walker's move. But I don't know how that poll reflects Wisconsin.
What we do know is that this was supoosed to be over a week ago, with the people of Wisconsin not getting a chance to see all that Walker was trying to get away with before he had done it. The Democrats have, if nothing else, given the people, and the press, a chance to get a look at what was really happening. Some of the main stream media is starting to realize that this was never really about the budget, but breaking the Union, and clearing the way for the USCofCrooks. (But I don't know what they are talking about on TV in WI. If they stick to the Republican talking points...) I suspect that while in the Teagays camps positions are only hardening against the unions, the rest of the state may be following the story and resent being conned by Walker. The problem is, the people who tend to continue to pay attention to these things are generally the people who would have supported the unions from the start, which mean possibly little popular shift in opinion as time passes.
REPUBLICANS ARE SOCIAL DARWINISTS -- they believe the government should help the rich live long and prosper! THE government should let the rich exploit the working classes until they die from hard work and exhaustion!! AND should let the poor die off from starvation and disease because they will never amount to anything and are a drain on society!!!
""Social Darwinism is a belief, popular in the late Victorian era in England, America, and elsewhere, which states that the strongest or fittest should survive and flourish in society, while the weak and unfit should be allowed to die. The theory was chiefly expounded by Herbert Spencer (1820-1903), whose ethical philosophies always held an elitist view and later received a boost from the application of Darwinian ideas such as adaptation and natural selection.
According to Darwin's evolutionary theory, nature is a "kill-or-be-killed" system. Those that cannot keep up are either left behind or cut off. The strong survive, and those best suited to survival will out-live the weak.
The seeds of Social Darwinism were actually planted before the publication of Darwin's "The Origin of Species"(though of course the name didn't originate until after). Herbert Spencer, the father of Social Darwinism as an ethical theory, was thinking in terms of elitist, "might makes right" sorts of views long before Darwin published his theory. The concept of adaptation allowed Spencer to claim that the rich and powerful were better adapted to the social and economic climate of the time, and the concept of natural selection allowed him to argue that it was natural, normal, and proper for the strong to thrive at the expense of the weak. Whether it be humans, races, or the state, Spencer's thoughts were clear: "If they are sufficiently complete to live, they do live, and it is well they should live. If they are not sufficiently complete to live, they die, and it is best they die." In its simplest form, Social Darwinism follows the theory of "the strong survive," even in human issues.It is the application of the theory of natural selection to social, political, and economic issues. According to Social Darwinism, those with economic, physical, and technological strength flourish and those without are destined for extinction. This theory was used to promote the idea that the white European race was superior to others, and therefore, destined to rule over them.
Social Darwinism was used to justify numerous exploits which we classify as of dubious moral value today. Colonialism was seen as natural and inevitable; people saw natives as being weaker and more unfit to survive, and therefore felt justified in seizing land and resources. Finally, it gave the ethical nod to brutal colonial governments who used oppressive tactics against their subjects.
At the time that Spencer began to promote Social Darwinism, the technology, economy, and government of the "White European" was advanced in comparison to that of other cultures. Looking at this apparent advantage, as well as the economic and military structures, some argued that natural selection was playing out, and that the race more suited to survival was winning. Some even extended this philosophy into a micro-economic issue, claiming that social welfare programs that helped the poor and disadvantaged were contrary to nature itself. Those who reject any and all forms of charity or governmental welfare often use arguments rooted in Social Darwinism.
Social Darwinism has been used to justify eugenics programs aimed at weeding "undesirable" genes from the population; such programs were sometimes accompanied by sterilization laws directed against "unfit" individuals. The American eugenics movement was relatively popular between about 1910-1930, during which 24 states passed sterilization laws and Congress passed a law restricting immigration from certain areas deemed to be unfit. Social Darwinist ideas, though in different forms, were also applied by the Nazi party in Germany to justify their eugenics programs. With the development of the notion of eugenics — not only could you prevail over the unfit by making war on them, but you could improve the breed by applying "enlightened" notions of selection and genetics.
At its worst, the implications of Social Darwinism were used as scientific justification for the Holocaust.The Nazis claimed that the murder of Jews in World War II was an example of cleaning out inferior genetics. This view embraced the assumption that the strong were superior, and thus ordained to prevail. Social Darwinism applied to military action as well; the argument went that the strongest military would win, and would therefore be the most fit. Casualties on the losing side, of course, were written off as the natural result of their unfit status. Thus, if two countries were to make war on each other, the victor was biologically superior to the loser. It was therefore right and proper for that victor to subjugate or even eliminate the inferior opponent. Not only was survival of the fittest natural, but it was also morally correct. Indeed, some extreme Social Darwinists argued that it was morally incorrect to assist those weaker than oneself, since that would be promoting the survival and possible reproduction of someone who was fundamentally unfit.
A second way pseudo-evolutionary concepts were applied to human interaction was in the development of cut-throat capitalism in the United States. Here the ideology was that the cream naturally rose to the top; the successful made a lot of money simply because they were superior to the unsuccessful. Those who found themselves in poverty were poor because they were intrinsically inferior. It provided a justification for the more exploitative forms of capitalism in which workers were paid sometimes pennies a day for long hours of backbreaking labor. Social Darwinism also justified big business' refusal to acknowledge labor unions and similar organizations, and implied that the rich need not donate money to the poor or less fortunate, since such people were less fit anyway.This political philosophy resisted suggestions like universal education, welfare, minimum wage; in short, anything which interfered with the business of the "superior" ascending to the top of the heap and squashing the unfit beneath their expensive shoes.""
I am afraid we will be seeing more needless carnage due to budget cuts, but perish the thought that the Air Force should have to fund raise for a new bomber or the Army fundraise for a new tank because our tax money was used for keeping more fire stations open.
There was a television series and it may been the one where Joe Friday would say, "Give me the facts, just the facts." I believe that Americans want truthful facts in order to make the right decisions.
Thomas Woods, Jr. recently wrote in the American Conservative that military spending is parasitic as it feeds off the economy rather than grows it. The scale of resources used by the military is exorbitant, Woods writes: “To train a single combat pilot, for instance, costs between $5 million and $7 million. Over a period of two years, the average U.S. motorist uses about as much fuel as does a single F-16 training jet in less than an hour. The Abrams tank uses up 3.8 gallons of fuel in traveling one mile. Between 2 and 11 percent of the world’s use of 14 important minerals, from copper to aluminum to zinc, is consumed by the military, as is about 6 percent of the world’s consumption of petroleum. The Pentagon’s energy use in a single year could power all U.S. mass transit systems for nearly 14 years.”
Fascism (pronounced /ˈfæʃɪzəm/) is an authoritarian nationalist political ideology. Fascists seek to organize a nation according to corporatist perspectives, values, and systems, including the political system and the economy.
@speedbird9, those cautionary words are still part of God's love letter for you and me. If we would truly live by the Bible, we would have justice and peace in the world. God's love letter for the world is to have all of us working together.
Of course there's a silver lining to the Wisconsin situation. The Republicans can win only by not revealing what they are. But the anti-union bill and Scott Walker's prank phone call have shown it.
History, please! What are the precedents for the right to collective bargaining? Supreme Court decision(s)? Was it Taft-Hartley (did it take that long?)? Or is it just the passage of time?
Our local newspaper is full of editorials about how the Constitution doesn't give workers this right, but apart from 1st amendment guarantees of right to petition the government (not corporations or employers) for redress of grievances, I can't think of anything else in the Constitution that covers this.
Why doesnt anybody ever mention the 800 lb gorilla in the room. The TAX CUTS ON THE RICH investor class is what is driving up the price of commodites.
When all the wealth goes to the upper 1% they gamble with it. They are gambling on the commodities right now. Oil went to $140 / barrel in 2008 on pure speculation.
Not to pick on her alone, but Laurie Garrett should know, "coup de grace" is /koo-duh-grahss/, not /koo-duh-grah/. I bring it up because I hear that mistake a lot. The latter pronunciation would be interpreted as "coup de gras", which means "fat blow", so, you know, you definitely want to avoid that.
Conservatives have the answer to global food concerns...privatize everything so only the wealthy can afford housing, food and healthcare. Attrition will take care of the problem.
We need to stop buying these koch bros. products immediately:
Brawny paper towels, Angel Soft toilet paper, Mardi Gras napkins and towels and Quilted Northern toilet paper. Ironically, some of these are made in koch bros. non-union plant in Green Bay - Yes, this will hurt some of my dear friends in Green Bay, but I'd rather save the state from benito walker than get rid of 1,000 jobs in Green Bay.
Stainmaster carpet, and Lycra fiber - Koch produces Invista, which is used in those products. These will have a very small impact on their decisions. If anyone has any other list of products from any other of benito walker's "contributors", please share them. We need to start making it hurt.
He did offer a solution bicycle...raise taxes. Did you not read the entire blog?
My taxes have gone up too,just like the cost of everything else. And despite efforts for decades, including a Constitutional requirement for the state to shift school funding from property to income taxes. But he Republicans dont want to pay income taxes, dont want to pay their fair share. Dont want to lose a chance to give their kids "all the advantages" , meaning the only well funded schools.
Of course my schools are some of the best in the state anyway. People around here think teachers should be paid well, and deserve a lot more than most private employees. People actually are suing to get into our district, where they pay more taxes.
Of course, It wasn't the Teachers who convinced you to vote Republican so you could not join a union. It wasn't the firefighters who told you you would have more fun with a 401K played for Wall Street's pleasure. And it wasn't the snow plow drivers who said we should use taxes to subsidize shipping our jobs overseas. And it wasn't the teachers who said we should not charge tariffs on Chinese goods, even if they tax our goods so as to be uncompetitive over there.
That was pretty much Ronald Reagan and his successors. Certainly not the Unions.
How is this going to play out? It doesn't look good to me. Here's why:
1) Gov. Walker knows he has the Kochs (and every other rightwing billionaire) behind him. He knows that he will get as much money as he needs to prevail for re-election, if he chooses to run and he may be planning on pulling a Palin and moving up to higher office rather than run again anyway. For the moment he certainly is front-runner for Republican VP. And his own show on Fox News.
2) Walker doesn't care if he has to carry out his promise to cut state employees if the Democrats don't come back. In fact he would probably like to do it, and might do it anyway, just with a different pretext. (Which makes the Democrats position even more of a dilemma, since they cannot trust him to not push for additional cuts and firings. Only now without collective bargaining. Does that mean everyone becomes an at will employee?)
3) Walker knows that there are plenty of Teaguys who would replace him if he backs down, and he knows that from coast to coast there are Conservative checkbooks at the ready to fund a Tea challenge to him if he backs down.
So I don't think Walker will be the way out.
4)The Republican Senators are sticking by him. They also know that if they do not, they will face a Tea challenger next election with ten times their campaign budget. And presumably death threats towards their family. (al a Joe Sestak) It might take a Lee Atwater/brain tumor /crisis of conscience to move any of these Republicans.
THe one possible way out is if the public in Wisconsin becomes so undeniably and overwealmingly outraged, in the Senator's home districts, that they all come to feel that sticking with Walker has become a liability, and that they need to establish their independence from him. Even then they might have just enough Republican Senators back off to block the bill without them all becoming the Teaguys targets. Because each needs the support of the group to insure his district gets a fair share of the state's money, each has an additional incentive to demand at least a secret concensus in their caucus before he stands up to Walker/Koch. Which just makes it harder to count on the Republican Senators acting like statesmen rather than a rubber stamp.
On the bright side, the Catholic Bishops of Wisconsin have come out in support of the right to collective bargaining. Wisconsin has a lot of Catholics. That may give the Senators a bit more cover, and even support for a change of course. Also, the Gallup poll on the subject puts national support on the side of the workers. Only 54% of self identified Republicans supported Walker's move. But I don't know how that poll reflects Wisconsin.
What we do know is that this was supoosed to be over a week ago, with the people of Wisconsin not getting a chance to see all that Walker was trying to get away with before he had done it. The Democrats have, if nothing else, given the people, and the press, a chance to get a look at what was really happening. Some of the main stream media is starting to realize that this was never really about the budget, but breaking the Union, and clearing the way for the USCofCrooks. (But I don't know what they are talking about on TV in WI. If they stick to the Republican talking points...) I suspect that while in the Teagays camps positions are only hardening against the unions, the rest of the state may be following the story and resent being conned by Walker. The problem is, the people who tend to continue to pay attention to these things are generally the people who would have supported the unions from the start, which mean possibly little popular shift in opinion as time passes.
REPUBLICANS ARE SOCIAL DARWINISTS -- they believe the government should help the rich live long and prosper! THE government should let the rich exploit the working classes until they die from hard work and exhaustion!! AND should let the poor die off from starvation and disease because they will never amount to anything and are a drain on society!!!
""Social Darwinism is a belief, popular in the late Victorian era in England, America, and elsewhere, which states that the strongest or fittest should survive and flourish in society, while the weak and unfit should be allowed to die. The theory was chiefly expounded by Herbert Spencer (1820-1903), whose ethical philosophies always held an elitist view and later received a boost from the application of Darwinian ideas such as adaptation and natural selection.
According to Darwin's evolutionary theory, nature is a "kill-or-be-killed" system. Those that cannot keep up are either left behind or cut off. The strong survive, and those best suited to survival will out-live the weak.
The seeds of Social Darwinism were actually planted before the publication of Darwin's "The Origin of Species"(though of course the name didn't originate until after). Herbert Spencer, the father of Social Darwinism as an ethical theory, was thinking in terms of elitist, "might makes right" sorts of views long before Darwin published his theory. The concept of adaptation allowed Spencer to claim that the rich and powerful were better adapted to the social and economic climate of the time, and the concept of natural selection allowed him to argue that it was natural, normal, and proper for the strong to thrive at the expense of the weak. Whether it be humans, races, or the state, Spencer's thoughts were clear: "If they are sufficiently complete to live, they do live, and it is well they should live. If they are not sufficiently complete to live, they die, and it is best they die." In its simplest form, Social Darwinism follows the theory of "the strong survive," even in human issues.It is the application of the theory of natural selection to social, political, and economic issues. According to Social Darwinism, those with economic, physical, and technological strength flourish and those without are destined for extinction. This theory was used to promote the idea that the white European race was superior to others, and therefore, destined to rule over them.
Social Darwinism was used to justify numerous exploits which we classify as of dubious moral value today. Colonialism was seen as natural and inevitable; people saw natives as being weaker and more unfit to survive, and therefore felt justified in seizing land and resources. Finally, it gave the ethical nod to brutal colonial governments who used oppressive tactics against their subjects.
At the time that Spencer began to promote Social Darwinism, the technology, economy, and government of the "White European" was advanced in comparison to that of other cultures. Looking at this apparent advantage, as well as the economic and military structures, some argued that natural selection was playing out, and that the race more suited to survival was winning. Some even extended this philosophy into a micro-economic issue, claiming that social welfare programs that helped the poor and disadvantaged were contrary to nature itself. Those who reject any and all forms of charity or governmental welfare often use arguments rooted in Social Darwinism.
Social Darwinism has been used to justify eugenics programs aimed at weeding "undesirable" genes from the population; such programs were sometimes accompanied by sterilization laws directed against "unfit" individuals. The American eugenics movement was relatively popular between about 1910-1930, during which 24 states passed sterilization laws and Congress passed a law restricting immigration from certain areas deemed to be unfit. Social Darwinist ideas, though in different forms, were also applied by the Nazi party in Germany to justify their eugenics programs. With the development of the notion of eugenics — not only could you prevail over the unfit by making war on them, but you could improve the breed by applying "enlightened" notions of selection and genetics.
At its worst, the implications of Social Darwinism were used as scientific justification for the Holocaust. The Nazis claimed that the murder of Jews in World War II was an example of cleaning out inferior genetics. This view embraced the assumption that the strong were superior, and thus ordained to prevail. Social Darwinism applied to military action as well; the argument went that the strongest military would win, and would therefore be the most fit. Casualties on the losing side, of course, were written off as the natural result of their unfit status. Thus, if two countries were to make war on each other, the victor was biologically superior to the loser. It was therefore right and proper for that victor to subjugate or even eliminate the inferior opponent. Not only was survival of the fittest natural, but it was also morally correct. Indeed, some extreme Social Darwinists argued that it was morally incorrect to assist those weaker than oneself, since that would be promoting the survival and possible reproduction of someone who was fundamentally unfit. A second way pseudo-evolutionary concepts were applied to human interaction was in the development of cut-throat capitalism in the United States. Here the ideology was that the cream naturally rose to the top; the successful made a lot of money simply because they were superior to the unsuccessful. Those who found themselves in poverty were poor because they were intrinsically inferior. It provided a justification for the more exploitative forms of capitalism in which workers were paid sometimes pennies a day for long hours of backbreaking labor. Social Darwinism also justified big business' refusal to acknowledge labor unions and similar organizations, and implied that the rich need not donate money to the poor or less fortunate, since such people were less fit anyway. This political philosophy resisted suggestions like universal education, welfare, minimum wage; in short, anything which interfered with the business of the "superior" ascending to the top of the heap and squashing the unfit beneath their expensive shoes.""
http://www.allaboutscience.org/what-is-social-darwinism-faq.htm
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004367/eh4.shtml
Can anyone post the names of stores to purchase water for our protesters? Thank you.
British Invasion anti-war:
Two absolutely brilliant British Invasion anti-war songs:
The Kinks - Some Mother's Son (from Arthur: Or The Decline And Fall Of The British Empire)
and
The Zombies - Butcher's Tale (Western Front 1914) (from Odessey & Oracle)
"It’s not our job to save a dying system, it’s our job to kill it."
Bill Clinton is the poster child for bankrupt liberalism. - Chris Hedges
http://www.booktv.org/Watch/12062/Death+of+the+Liberal+Class.aspx
We are seeing the coup de grâce of the slow motion coup d'état by the corporate state.
I am afraid we will be seeing more needless carnage due to budget cuts, but perish the thought that the Air Force should have to fund raise for a new bomber or the Army fundraise for a new tank because our tax money was used for keeping more fire stations open.
Whatever Happened to Peace on Earth - Willie Nelson
There was a television series and it may been the one where Joe Friday would say, "Give me the facts, just the facts." I believe that Americans want truthful facts in order to make the right decisions.
YES THEY ARE!!!
http://www.thomhartmann.com/forum/2011/02/our-military-using-mind-control-us-senators-and-other-government-officials
Thomas Woods, Jr. recently wrote in the American Conservative that military spending is parasitic as it feeds off the economy rather than grows it. The scale of resources used by the military is exorbitant, Woods writes: “To train a single combat pilot, for instance, costs between $5 million and $7 million. Over a period of two years, the average U.S. motorist uses about as much fuel as does a single F-16 training jet in less than an hour. The Abrams tank uses up 3.8 gallons of fuel in traveling one mile. Between 2 and 11 percent of the world’s use of 14 important minerals, from copper to aluminum to zinc, is consumed by the military, as is about 6 percent of the world’s consumption of petroleum. The Pentagon’s energy use in a single year could power all U.S. mass transit systems for nearly 14 years.”
Why is this not Fascism?
From Wikipedia (go donate!)
Fascism (pronounced /ˈfæʃɪzəm/) is an authoritarian nationalist political ideology. Fascists seek to organize a nation according to corporatist perspectives, values, and systems, including the political system and the economy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia
I have crazy in-laws and so I am trying to inform myself of some Islam terms.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihad
----- Self-Inflicted-Disaster Capitalism -----
@speedbird9, those cautionary words are still part of God's love letter for you and me. If we would truly live by the Bible, we would have justice and peace in the world. God's love letter for the world is to have all of us working together.
As a side note, I enjoy Kevin Zeese's emails.
http://www.prosperityagenda.us/node/4653
Of course there's a silver lining to the Wisconsin situation. The Republicans can win only by not revealing what they are. But the anti-union bill and Scott Walker's prank phone call have shown it.
History, please! What are the precedents for the right to collective bargaining? Supreme Court decision(s)? Was it Taft-Hartley (did it take that long?)? Or is it just the passage of time?
Our local newspaper is full of editorials about how the Constitution doesn't give workers this right, but apart from 1st amendment guarantees of right to petition the government (not corporations or employers) for redress of grievances, I can't think of anything else in the Constitution that covers this.
Thanks anyone!
Challenge FoxFake to publicly sign the Society of Professional Journalists Code of Ethics if they are indeed a "news" outlet, not an opinion outlet:
The Code is available at the Society of Professional Journalists website:
http://www.spj.org/ethicscode.asp
And/or publicly sign the Code of Ethics adopted by the Radio Television Digital News Association:
http://www.rtnda.org/pages/media_items/code-of-ethics-and-professional-c...
Wow! Thom just restated my last post.
Why doesnt anybody ever mention the 800 lb gorilla in the room. The TAX CUTS ON THE RICH investor class is what is driving up the price of commodites.
When all the wealth goes to the upper 1% they gamble with it. They are gambling on the commodities right now. Oil went to $140 / barrel in 2008 on pure speculation.
Not to pick on her alone, but Laurie Garrett should know, "coup de grace" is /koo-duh-grahss/, not /koo-duh-grah/. I bring it up because I hear that mistake a lot. The latter pronunciation would be interpreted as "coup de gras", which means "fat blow", so, you know, you definitely want to avoid that.
Conservatives have the answer to global food concerns...privatize everything so only the wealthy can afford housing, food and healthcare. Attrition will take care of the problem.